Browse Items (196 total)

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The contents of this pamphlet are far less colourful or exotic than its cover. Although twentieth-century readers expect accurate information, we still like to imagine our voyages as adventures.

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"The Preface.
In the Contemplation of Nature we meet with nothing that affords us a more invincible Argument of the Wisdom of the Divine Architect, than the Structure and Composition of Animal Bodies; nor is this Infinite Understanding less…

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"Introduction. Concerning the Muscles and their Action.
As all the Appearances of Nature furnish matter for Speculation worthy of a rational Mind; so those of the Animal OEconomy more particularly recommend themselves to our Consideration" (Cowper,…

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"Of the Muscles of the Abdomen.
It being usual for the Contents of the lower Belly to putrefy and grow offensive sooner than any other Part of the Body, Anatomists for this Reason generally begin their Dissections with the Abdomen" (Cowper, 1724,…

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"Of the Muscles of the Testes.
Each Testicle is attended with one proper Muscle call'd Cremaster, to which Riolan adds another, and thinks it common to both, comprehending them in the manner of a Bag; but other Anatomists take it for a Membrane…

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"Of the Muscles of the Penis.
Anatomists generally describe two Pair of Muscles belonging to the Penis, viz. Acceleratores and Erectores. Besides these, we sometimes meet with a third Pair mentioned and figured by Stephen Riverius" (Cowper, 1724,…

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"Of the Muscles of the Bladder of Urine.
Galen and the ancient Anatomists take notice of but one Muscle belonging to this Part, viz. the Sphincter, but Fabricius ab Aquapendente mentions another, call'd by Spigelius, Detrusor Urinae, from its Use"…

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"Of the Muscles of the Anus.
Various Accounts are given us by Anatomists of the Muscles of the Anus. Galen divides its Sphincter into two, viz. Carnosus and Cutaneus; which with the two Levatores, make four Muscles belonging to this Part. Riolan…

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"Of the Muscles of the Hairy-Scalp and Forehead" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. VI).

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"of the Muscles of the Cheeks and Lips.
The Descriptions and Uses of these Muscles given by Anatomists, are so various, that to recite their several Accounts of them would be exceedingly tedious to the Reader, and at the same time of very little…

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"Of the Muscles of the Eye-Lids" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. VIII).

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"Of the Muscles of the Eye. ... the accurate Falloppius, who first observed the Trochlea, has given us the most exact Description of these Muscles of the Eye, as well as those of the Palpebrae" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. IX).

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"Of the Muscles of the Nose.
The Nose is altogether immoveable, except in its lower gristly Part, the Sides of which are not improperly called Alae or Pinnae, by whose Approach, or Recess, the Nostrils are straitned, or dilated (Cowper, 1724, Chap.…

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"Of the Muscles of the Auricula or Outward Ear.
Falloppius, the first Writer of these Muscles, informs us there are sometimes found three belonging to each Auricle; the First or Attollens, the Second or Deprimens, and the Third, which is part of the…

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"Of the Muscles of the Internal Ear.
... three Muscles belong to the Malleus, of which the first, that appears in Dissection, is the Externus of Aquapendens; the second is the Externus of Du Verny, which we call Obliquus Auris; and the third is the…

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"Of the Muscles of the Os Hyoides, or Bone of the Tongue.
Since the Os Hyoides is fastened to the Tongue and Larynx, the Muscles which move it ought to be esteemed common to both" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. X111).

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"Of the Muscles of the Tongue.
For the Motion of this Part, Authors assign various Numbers of Muscles; some reckoning eight, others nine, some ten, and others eleven, amongst which they count the Tongue it self" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XIV).

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"Of the Muscles of the Uvula.
Falloppius mentions the second and third of these Muscles among those of the Fauces; but Riolan first ascribed them to this Part, and call'd them Pterygostaphylinus Internus and Externus. The Discovery of the…

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"Of the Muscles of the Fauces" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XVI).

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"Of the Muscles of the Larynx
These Muscles of the Larynx are generally divided into Common and Proper" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XVII).

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"Of the Muscles of the Lower Jaw.
Five Pair of Muscles are employ'd in the Motion of the Lower Jaw: Four of which were described by Vesalius and the preceding Anatomists; but for the Discovery of the fifth we are obliged to Falloppius. To these…

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"Of the Muscles of the Thorax
The Muscles of the Thorax may be divided into Proper and Common" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XIX).

"Of the Muscles of the Scapula, or Shoulder-Blade.
These Muscles make the second Division of those relating to the Motion…

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"Of the Muscles of the Head
The Head is moved by Muscles that are either Common or Proper" (Cowper, Chap. XXII).

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"Of the Muscles of the Neck
The Muscles of the Neck move the Head secondarily, whence they are esteemed as Common to both. Of these Authors reckon four pair, namely the Longi Colli, the Scaleni, (which according to Falloppius are described amongst…

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"Of the Muscles of the Cubit.
The lower part of the Arm from the Elbow to the Wrist is called the Cubit, which is bended and extended by five Muscles, namely, Biceps, Brachiaeus Internus, Gemellus, Brachiaeus Externus, and Anconaeus" (Cowper, 1724,…
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