Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Skeleton]]> These (like the Muscles of the Fingers) we shall divide into Common and Proper. The Common Muscles of the Toes are such, as have their Tendons inserted into all the lesser Toes, as the Extensor Digitorum Pedis Longus, Extensor Brevis, Perforatus, and Perforans. The rest are the Proper Muscles of the Toes, namely, Lumbricales, Abductor Minimi Digiti, Transversalis Placentini, Flexor Primi Internodii Minimi Digiti Proprius, and the Interossei" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXXVI).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Foot]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> The Foot has seven Muscles properly employ'd in its Motions ... "(Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXXIV)
"Of the Muscles of the Great Toe.
The great Toe is moved by its proper Muscles, which we reckon to be six in number ..."(Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXXV).]]>
Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]>
Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Leg]]> Muscles]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Thigh]]> The Enumeration, Description and Office of the Muscles belonging to this Part, is variously set down by different Authors" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXXII).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Radius (Anatomy)]]> The Radius is bent and extended in common with the Ulna, or Cubitus; but besides that, it hath also a proper Motion, in which the Carpus together with the Hand is chiefly moved, or turned, either upwards or downwards" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXXI).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Wrist]]> These are well described by most Authors, and receive their names from their Situation and Use" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXX).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Hand]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Authors disagree concerning the Number, Rise and Insertions of these Muscles; which may partly proceed from that great Variety to be observ'd in divers Subjects. As they have most commonly appeared to me, I shall endeavour to represent them; and first the Benders of the Thumb" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXIX).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Fingers]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> These we shall divide into Common and Proper. The Common Muscles of the Fingers are such, as arise from the external or internal Protuberances of the Os Humeri, and subdividing themselves, are inserted into most, if not all the Fingers; namely the Perforatus, Perforans, Lumbricales, and Extensor Communis Digitorum. the Proper Muscles of the Fingers are such as have their Beginnings distinct, and are inserted without any Subdivision into each respective Finger; as the Interossei, the Extensor and Abductor Indicis, the Extensor and Abductor Minimi Digiti" (Cowper, Chap. XXVIII).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Arm]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Galen, Jacobus Sylvius, and Vesalius, describe seven Muscles belonging to each Arm, viz. Pectoralis, Deltoides, Teres Major, Latissimus Dorsi, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Subscapularis. Arantius, in his Anatomical Observations, counts another by Riolan called Coracobrachieus, to which Julius Casserius Placentinus adds the Teres Minor, by some reckoned as the eighth Muscle of this part, which is therefore called Octavus Humeri Placentini" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXV).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Arm]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> The lower part of the Arm from the Elbow to the Wrist is called the Cubit, which is bended and extended by five Muscles, namely, Biceps, Brachiaeus Internus, Gemellus, Brachiaeus Externus, and Anconaeus" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXVI).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Neck]]> The Muscles of the Neck move the Head secondarily, whence they are esteemed as Common to both. Of these Authors reckon four pair, namely the Longi Colli, the Scaleni, (which according to Falloppius are described amongst the Muscles of the Thorax) the Transversales, and Spinati Colli" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXIII).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Head]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> The Head is moved by Muscles that are either Common or Proper" (Cowper, Chap. XXII).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Scapula]]> Thorax]]> The Muscles of the Thorax may be divided into Proper and Common" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XIX).

"Of the Muscles of the Scapula, or Shoulder-Blade.
These Muscles make the second Division of those relating to the Motion of the Thorax, as abovesaid" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XX).

"Of the Muscles of the Thorax, which appear on the backside of the Body.<br />These constitute the third Order of Muscles belonging to the Thorax" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XXI).]]>
Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]>
Anatomy, Artistic]]> Initials]]> Mandible]]> Muscles]]> Skull]]> Body, Human]]> Five Pair of Muscles are employ'd in the Motion of the Lower Jaw: Four of which were described by Vesalius and the preceding Anatomists; but for the Discovery of the fifth we are obliged to Falloppius. To these Riolan adds a sixth Pair, namely the Quadrati Genarum, which we have already described among the Muscles of the Cheeks and Lips" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XVIII).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Larynx]]> Muscles]]> These Muscles of the Larynx are generally divided into Common and Proper" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XVII).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Skeleton]]> Falloppius mentions the second and third of these Muscles among those of the Fauces; but Riolan first ascribed them to this Part, and call'd them Pterygostaphylinus Internus and Externus. The Discovery of the Glossostaphylini is owing to Valsalva" (Cowper, Chap. XV).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Tongue]]> For the Motion of this Part, Authors assign various Numbers of Muscles; some reckoning eight, others nine, some ten, and others eleven, amongst which they count the Tongue it self" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XIV).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Larynx]]> Muscles]]> Tongue]]> Since the Os Hyoides is fastened to the Tongue and Larynx, the Muscles which move it ought to be esteemed common to both" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. X111).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Labyrinth (Ear)]]> Muscles]]> Skeleton]]> ... three Muscles belong to the Malleus, of which the first, that appears in Dissection, is the Externus of Aquapendens; the second is the Externus of Du Verny, which we call Obliquus Auris; and the third is the Internus of Eustachius, to which may be added the fourth, belonging to the Stapes, called Musculus Stapedis ..." (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XII).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Ear]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Falloppius, the first Writer of these Muscles, informs us there are sometimes found three belonging to each Auricle; the First or Attollens, the Second or Deprimens, and the Third, which is part of the Platysma Myoides. These, he says, are sometimes wanting, though he has frequently seen them. Placentinus multiplies them to the number of Five; but M. Du Verney, in his accurate Treatise of the Ear, describes two only, whose Account we have found to be most agreeable to our own Enquiries" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. XI).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Body, Human]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Nose]]> The Nose is altogether immoveable, except in its lower gristly Part, the Sides of which are not improperly called Alae or Pinnae, by whose Approach, or Recess, the Nostrils are straitned, or dilated (Cowper, 1724, Chap. X).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Eye]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Body, Human]]> ... the accurate Falloppius, who first observed the Trochlea, has given us the most exact Description of these Muscles of the Eye, as well as those of the Palpebrae" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. IX).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Eye]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Body, Human]]> Eyelids]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]> Anatomy, Artistic]]> Face]]> Head]]> Initials]]> Muscles]]> Body, Human]]> The Descriptions and Uses of these Muscles given by Anatomists, are so various, that to recite their several Accounts of them would be exceedingly tedious to the Reader, and at the same time of very little Use. For which reason I shall only represent them, as they have appear'd to my self in some late Subjects" (Cowper, 1724, Chap. VII).]]> Cowper, William, 1666-1709]]> Image]]> Illustrations]]> Prints]]> Eighteenth century]]>